CPU - Block Diagram of Computer

Explain block diagram of computer with all its components.

Answer:

There are five main component of computer.

1)      Input Device

2)      CPU

3)      Primary Memory

4)      Secondary Memory

5)      Output Device

Block diagram of computer is shown below.

 

1)      Input Device:

·         Input device is used to get the data from user.

·         All the data from input devices must be entered into Primary Memory.

·         When user enters data through keyboard, which are into user language must be converted into binary language.

·         So, Input device is bridge between user and computer.

·         Example: keyboard, mouse, scanner, joy stick, light pen etc.

2)      CPU:

·         CPU – Central Processing Unit

·         It is the brain of computer.

·         CPU is divided into two main parts.

I)                    ALU

II)                  CU

CPU = ALU + CU

 I)                    ALU – Arithmetic & Logical Unit

·         As the name suggest it is used to perform arithmetic and logical operation on data which is come from primary memory (RAM).

·         Data is processed on ALU and generate the result which is again transfer from ALU to RAM.

II)                  CU – Control Unit

·         This unit does not take part into any calculation or operation.

·         As the name, it is used to control the devices like input device, output device and primary memory.

3)      Primary Memory:

All the data, whether it will from input device or from secondary memory must come into primary memory.

There are two types of primary memory:

I)                    RAM

II)                  ROM

I)                    RAM:

·         RAM – Random Access Memory

·         It is volatile memory.

·         We can say that RAM is temporary storage unit and can’t store data permanent.

·         All the data from input device or from secondary memory must come into RAM.

·         When we turn off the system all the data are erased from RAM.

II)                  ROM:

·         ROM – Read Only Memory

·         As name we can’t write any data into ROM, we can just read the data from ROM.

·         It is non-volatile memory.

·         ROM can store data permanently.

·         It contains the different details of manufactures, version etc.

4)      Secondary Memory:

·         It is non volatile memory, so can store data permanently.

·         When result is generated by ALU and if want to store result permanently, then we can store such data into secondary memory.

·         Ex. HDD – Hard Disk Drive, Flash Drive, CD, DVD etc.

·         Operating System is also store into secondary memory.

 

5) Output Device:

·         It is used to display the result generated by CPU.

·         Again result generated by computer is in binary form, so need to convert this data into user language.

·         Ex. Monitor, Printer, Plotter etc.